The Truth About Trophy Hunting Ethnography - 2329 Words

The Truth about Trophy Hunting: Ethnography Since the European colonization of eastern Africa, trophy hunting has been a highly debatable topic. During the early days of trophy hunting, dwindling numbers of some of the world’s most unique and prized wildlife was not a problem like it is today. Wildlife conservationists and hunters continue to debate the merits of legalized hunting on the economy and on the environment. However, not all hunters value the economic benefits and have passion for the outdoors. In fact, some of these hunters are conservationists themselves, who believe that it will allow for better conservation efforts in the long run. In another perspective, trophy hunters tend to downplay the reality of the killing part. To kill is to put to death, extinguish, nullify, cancel, or destroy. There is a fine line between conservation, and senseless killing of animals involved in trophy hunting. The idea that killing an animal without a purpose to eat the meat it provides seems wasteful and unethical to a large amount of the public. In this essay I will be magnifying the actuality of trophy hunting in a lens that will describe the structure of trophy hunting and why it is practiced, but most importantly why it is important for the rest of the world to be aware of it. If we erase the misconceptions and the chaotic bias on both sides, will there be a solution? At this pace, America just like in many other instances of tragedy that have happened throughout world

Management Behavior Memo - 992 Words

Running Head: MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR MEMO Management Behavior Memo SDS University of Phoenix October 25, 2009 October 25, 2009 Memorandum TO: All First Level Managers FROM: SDS, Manager RE: Management Behavior The CEO has announced InterClean, Inc. has officially acquired EnviroTech, placing 60 employees into our current sales team within the next few months. This merger will place the company in the lead of the global market. The equilibrium of the merger will require commitment on the behalf of the management team. This memorandum is for you, as managers, to understand how to be prepared to adapt to the challenges of the merger, especially in regards to three specific areas: management behavior and communication,†¦show more content†¦Employment Laws Ethical and lawful behavior has always been expected at this company; however, it is especially important now. All managers need to understand the importance of fair employee treatment; this includes both potential employees and existing employees. Managers also need to sharpen communication skills and be able to perform in an environment consisting of a variety of cultural backgrounds. Understanding employee laws can prevent complaints of ethical violations and/or employee laws. Our CEO, David Spencer, spoke of management training in regards to OSHA standards, environmental regulations, and other emerging issues. David also recently spoke to all employees in a memo stating that there are many opportunities for job transfers into new positions and/or help in creation of these positions. With the additional 60 employees merging from Enviro Tech, the cultural diversity will be larger. Managers must remain professional and evaluate individual employees on grounds of capability for performance and job requirements, not cultural difference. Conclusion Your efforts and behaviors will truly make the difference for InterClean, Inc. during the acquisition of Enviro Tech. With all management support in the areas of management behavior and communication, teamwork within a diverse atmosphere, and employment laws, the integration ofShow MoreRelatedEffective Communication For A Managerial Level1587 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelop my personal leadership skills. I have worked in retail management for the last 15 years and experienced a host of opportunities to exhibit my competencies, skills, and abilities when it comes to effective managerial communication. These included customer interactions, employee performance reviews, incident reports, emails, district meetings, coaching associates, IDP s, executive visits, business correspondence and memos, and conference calls. Early in my career, I learned the basis ofRead MoreHibb’s Web Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch and treatment division. 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Solutions to Supplementary Problems from Scott Textbook 6th Edition free essay sample

Several reasons can be suggested why oil company managers have reservations about RRA: †¢ The discount rate of 10% might not reflect the firm’s cost of capital. †¢ Low reliability. RRA involves making a large number of assumptions and estimates. While SFAS 69 deals with low reliability in part by requiring end-of-period oil and gas prices to be used (rather than prices anticipated when the reserves are expected to be sold), management may feel that end-of-year prices bear little relationship to the actual net revenue the company will receive in the future. Furthermore, management may be concerned about low reliability of other estimates, such as reserve quantities. †¢ Frequent changes in estimates. Conditions in the oil and gas market can change rapidly, making it necessary for the firm to make frequent changes in estimates. †¢ Investors may ignore. Investors may not understand the RRA information. Even if they do, management may believe the RRA information is so unreliable that investors will ignore it. If so, why prepare it? †¢ Legal liability. Management may be concerned that if the RRA estimates are not realized, the firm will be subject to lawsuits from investors. Management’s reservations may be an attempt to limit or avoid liability. 12. a. Most industrial and retail firms regard revenue as earned at the point of sale. Since sale implies a contract with the buyer and change of ownership, this is usually the earliest point at which significant risks and rewards of ownership pass to the buyer, the seller loses control of the items sold (e. g.. , title passes to buyer) and at which the amount of revenue to be received can be determined with reasonable reliability. b. Under RRA, revenue is recognized when oil and gas reserves are proven. This point in the operating cycle does not meet the IAS 18 criteria for revenue recognition. Since the oil and gas are still in the ground and the reserves are not sold, the significant risks and rewards of ownership have not been passed on and control remains with the producer. Also, the large number of revisions to estimates under RRA casts doubt on the reliability of the amount of revenue recognized. Presumably, this is why RRA is presented as supplementary information only. Presumably, however, collection is reasonably assured since oil and gas have ready markets. Note: This question illustrates that the tradeoff between relevance and reliability can be equivalently framed in terms of revenue recognition as well as balance sheet valuation. In effect, balance sheet valuation is in terms of the debit side of asset valuation whereas criteria for revenue recognition are in terms of the credit side. The basic tradeoff is the same, however. In particular, it should be noted that early revenue recognition increases relevance, even though it may lose reliability. 13. a. From a balance sheet perspective under ideal conditions, inventory is valued at current value. This could be the present value of expected future cash receipts from sale, that is, value-in-use. Alternatively, if market value of the inventory is available, it could be valued at its market value, that is, its fair value (the 2 values would be the same if markets work reasonably well, as is the case under ideal conditions). From a revenue recognition perspective, revenue is recognized as the inventory is manufactured or acquired. b. Cost basis accounting for inventory is due to lack of ideal conditions. Then, inventory markets may not work well. If so, Samuelson’s (1965) demonstration does not apply. As a result, market value requires estimation, opening up inventory valuation to error and possible manager bias. Accountants must feel that this reduction in reliability outweighs the greater relevance of current inventory value. Historical cost accounting for inventories is not completely reliable, since firm managers still have some room to manage (i. e. , bias) their reported profitability through their choice of cost methods (FIFO, LIFO, etc. ). Also, historical cost accounting for inventories is accompanied by the lower-of-cost-or-market rule. Then, reliability issues of current valuation re-arise. Furthermore, even the cost of inventories is not always reliable. For example, overhead costs are usually allocated to the cost of manufactured inventory. These costs are affected by manager decisions about allocation rates and production volumes. 14. 25. a. Relevant information is information that enables the prediction of future firm performance, such as future cash flows. Early revenue recognition anticipates these future cash flows, hence it is relevant. Thus, Qwest’s revenue recognition policy provided relevant information.b. Reliable information is information that faithfully represents the firm’s financial position and results of operations. When significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer and the seller loses control over the items transferred, the amount of future cash flows is determined with reasonable representational faithfulness and verifiability, since the purchaser has an obligation to pay. Also, if the amount of cash to be received is determined in an arms-length transaction, the amount of sale is reliable due to lack of possible manager bias. It seems that Qwest’s revenue recognition policy met none of these reliability criteria. The future cash flows were not representationally faithful since there appeared to be no provision for returns, obsolescence, or unforeseen service costs. Furthermore, as evidenced by the later SEC settlements, substantial manager bias is apparent. Obviously, amounts ultimately collectible were not reasonably assured, since the SEC came up with materially different valuations. c. Under ideal conditions, revenue is recognized as production capacity is acquired, since future revenues, or expected revenues, are inputs into the present value calculations. For an oil and gas company, revenue recognition is analogous—revenue is recognized as reserves are discovered or purchased. The reason is that under ideal conditions, future cash flows, or expected future cash flows, are perfectly reliable. There is thus no sacrifice of usefulness in recognizing revenue as early as possible. Note: A superior answer will point out that under ideal conditions net income consists of interest on opening present value (i. e. , accretion of discount), plus or minus abnormal earnings under ideal conditions of uncertainty). These are not operating revenues, however, but simply an effect of the passing of time.